Since the appearance of the first artistic projects on the Internet in 1994 up to the present day, surprising initiatives have emerged that confront social and political aspects from a creative yet critical perspective. Consequently, a formal vocabulary has also been developed, associated to the Internet, that contributes to identification of certain previously unheard situations: artivism, hacktivism, art.hacktivism, or electronic civil disobedience.
Depending on the radius of action, certain general tendencies can be isolated among committed web projects: those that circumscribe art criticism, those that widen their field to include all kinds of political and social questions, and those that return to the original means; that is, those that practice technological criticism of the Internet and confront the corporate power present on the Internet.
It is practically impossible to locate these conditioners in a pure state or to establish closed typologies, yet there are several paradigmatic cases we can analyse in this text, which will help us to fix those tendencies more specifically. Within this perspective, it
is imperative to mention such representative works as the copies (1999) of 0100101110101101.ORG and the duplicate of Documenta X (1997) by Vuk Cosic; the SWARM project (1998) by the Electronic Disturbance Theater; the connective interface IO_lavoro immateriale (1999) by Knowbotic Research; the participative projects of Muntadas–The File Room (1994)–, Josh On–They Rule (2001)–and Technologies to The People®–e-barcelona.org and Individual-Citizen Republic Project™ (2003)–; the diverse kinds of sabotage that the ®™ark collective has been carrying out since 1997, or the peculiar archive BorderXing Guide (2002) by Heath Bunting.
Obviously, not all of these initiatives are represented here, but we could say that these are some of the principal treats of artivism on the Internet, which allow us to contemplate future moves from a wider perspective.
