addenda n Section of added or complementary material to a piece of written work.
ca addenda
es addenda

ADSL modem n A modem that employs advanced digital signal processing techniques and special algorithms. Advancements in electronic device technology (transformers, analogue filters, etc.) were needed before so much data could be compressed into the bandwidth of an ordinary phone line without interfering with normal phone line services.
ca mòdem ADSL
es modem ADSL

application server n Sserver that provides access to a particular kind of software over the Internet..
ca servidor d'aplicacions
es servidor de aplicaciones

application service provider n Company which provides clients with the option to rent, rather than buy, applications for and over the Internet. These clients are usually small businesses and professionals.
sigla ASP
ca modalitat ASP; proveïdor de serveis d'aplicacions
es modalidad ASP; proveedor de servicios de aplicaciones

ASP n see  application service provider.

asynchronous transfer mode n Packet switching system supporting speeds of up to 1.2 GBps. This is a very fast system. The high speed is reached thanks to the absence of flow control and error correction information at the intermediate nodes. The asynchronous transfer mode uses connection-oriented mode and allows the transmission of various types of data such as voice, video, etc.
sigla ATM
ca mode de transferència asíncrona
es modo de transferencia asíncrona

ATM n see  asynchronous transfer mode.

backup n Safety copy of any data or the whole system at a given time, for the purpose of restoring this data in the future, if necessary. Also, anything that can replace a faulty piece of equipment. For example, backup telephone lines are used when there are problems with the standard lines. The term commonly refers to safety copies of files and applications with specially designed software. Periodic use of this software is advisable in order to keep important data safe from potential system failure.
ca còpia de seguretat
es copia de seguridad

bit n The basic unit of information. The word bit is an abbreviation of BInary digiT. While decimal numbers have ten possible values per digit (from 0 to 9), bits have only two: 0 and 1. A binary number is therefore composed of ones and zeros only.
ca bit
es bit

bookmark n A function offered by browsers that enables the user to store any given URL address for later reference.
ca marcador
es marcador; marcapáginas

bps n see bit per second.

browser n Program used for accessing online resources. The best known browsers today are for Internet (Netscape, Internet Explorer, Mosaic, etc.). They usually use a client/server architecture.
ca navegador web
es navegador web

bus n Channel for data to pass between the CPU and any given peripheral device, memory, etc.
ca bus
es bus

byte n A fixed-length chain of bits (6, 8, 16 or 32) which the computer treats as a unit. A byte often holds an ASCII code character. Strictly, a byte can be any length, while and octet is specifically eight bits long. These two terms, however, are generally considered synonymous since a byte is almost always eight bits long. A megabyte is a million bytes. Related terms: bit, bit per second, megabit per second.
ca byte; octet
es byte; octeto

CGI n see common gateway interface.

client/server n A logical model of a cooperative process which is independent of the hardware platform and the operating system. This concept refers more to a philosophy than to a particular set of products. Generally, the model refers to a workstation or a client which accesses the resources on a computer called the server using the appropriate hardware and software.
ca client/servidor
es cliente/servidor

coaxial cable n A cable that consists of a conductive core of copper wire, coated with an insulating material, which in turn is encased by a cylindrical conductor. This is then covered by a protective plastic sheath. There are two types of coaxial cable that are commonly used in local networks: 50 ohms, for digital signals; and 75 ohms, for analogue and high-speed signals.
ca cable coaxial
es cable coaxial

comma-delimited file n ASCII file used to transfer data between various management systems. In this file, the values of the registration data from origin are recorded separating the fields by commas.
sigla CSV
ca fitxer amb valors separats per comes
es fichero con valores separados por comas

comma-separated values file n see comma-delimited file.

common gateway interface n Interface that defines how communication occurs between an Internet server and any other programme on the same platform. It is a resident programme that is executed by the server when a user visits a given URL, and is used to add or delete data on the server.
sigla CGI
ca interfície comuna de pasarel·la
es interfaz común de acceso

CSV n comma delimited file.

data channel n Channel used for data transmission.
ca canal de dades
es canal de datos

data warehouse n A database holding information on a given theme that is integrated, non-volatile and logged. It is designed to support decision making. It is a database that holds a copy of all operational databases. All this means we can represent the flow of information that exists in a data warehouse as a linear flow that begins with traditional databases.
sigla DW
ca data warehouse
es data warehouse

database n A set of data that is interrelated and organised under a predefined system. For example, an antiviraus database stores all the necessary information regarding known viruses (individual characteristics, detection and removal).
sigla BD
ca base de dades
es base de datos

database server n Local area network server that manages a database and performs searches for client and user computers.
ca servidor de base de dades
es servidor de base de datos

dedicated line n Permanently established link between two terminals subject to an installation fee and monthly line rental.
ca línia punt a punt
es línea punto a punto

DHTML n see dynamic hypertext markup language.

disk n Data storage device.
ca disc
es disco

DNS n see domain name system.

domain name server n Server that assigns, through a domain name system, a domain name to each group of computers. The domain name is independent from their IP address.
ca servidor primari de dominis
es servidor primari de dominis

domain name system n Method for assigning names to computers using a hierarchical domain system where each group of computers is given a common name.
sigla DNS
ca sistema de noms de domini
es sistema de nombres de dominio

DW n see data warehouse.

dynamic hypertext markup language n Hypertext markup language that contains objects and events that are processed by the client's Internet browser.
sigla DHTML
ca llenguatge d'etiquetatge d'hipertext dinàmic
es lenguaje de marcación de hipertexto dinámico

dynamic web page n Webpage in which the contents are calculated by the server when the user visits. Normally, the contents are derived from a set of data.
ca pàgina web dinàmica
es página web dinámica

e-mail server n see electronic mail server.

electronic mail server n Server that stores incoming electronic mail messages and sends them to the recipient.
ca servidor de correu electrónic
es servidor de correo electrónico

electronic point of sale n Specific terminal installed in businesses that usually incorporates a payment terminal.
ca terminal de punt de venda
es terminal de punto de venta

enterprise Java-Beans n Reusable software components that can visually manipulate a Java programming tool.
ca enterprise Java-Beans
es enterprise Java-Beans

Ethernet network n Local area network (LAN) developed by Xerox, Digital and Intel. It is the most common LAN access method, after Token Ring. An Ethernet network is a shared resources local area network. All messages are distributed to all nodes on a given segment of the network.
ca xarxa Ethernet
es red Ethernet

Ethernet swith n Switch used in Ethernet networks.
ca commutador Ethernet
es conmutador Ethernet

extended stylesheet language n Programming language for webpage design. There is no definitive version yet, although there is an established minimum set of features: it must consistently present the data collected in XML documents irrespectively of the platform or presentation media. An XSL stylesheet describes the presentation process via a small set of XML elements. This stylesheet can contain rule elements that represent the construction rules, as well as style rule elements that represent the rules for mixing styles.
sigla XSL
ca extended stylesheet language
es extended stylesheet language

extensible markup language n Standard language for defining markups and data structures so they can be easily transmitted.
sigla XML
ca llenguatge d'etiquetatge extensible
en extensible markup language

favourite n Link to a webpage that the user has bookmarked for later reference.
ca adreça d'interés; preferit
es favorito

file n Logical block of information taken as an element by the user. All data stored in a computer is stored as a file. The computer can store text, images, music, sound, etc. The storage format depends on the content.
ca fitxer
es fichero

file server n Server that stores files on a local area network to which all users have access. A file server is a complex device that does not only store files: it also manages them and keeps them organised according to the requests it receives from the client computers. In order to manage a number of often simultaneous requests, a file server has a processor running control software, and a storage device. In local area networks, a file server is usually a computer with a large hard drive that is exclusively dedicated to managing shared files.
ca servidor d'arxius
es servidor de archivos

file server n Server through which all users can obtain access to identical information, share files, and have security levels. As opposed to the archive server, which carries out management functions over the demands made by the network, the file server works as a data warehouse.
ca servidor de fitxer
es servidor de ficheros

firewall n Protection mechanism used in order to avoid unauthorised access to a network or a computer. A firewall can be set up in software, by a dedicated machine, or a combination of both.
ca tallafocs
es cortafuego

flow n The amount of information that a given transmission medium is capable of transferring per unit of time. This determines the medium's capacity. Usually expressed in kBps (kilobytes per second), bps (bits per second) or as a baud rate.
ca cabal
en caudal

Frame Relay n International standard for private and public data networks, defined for the ISDN standard. It is a highly developed packet-oriented network protocol for networks with multiple logical connections on just one physical link.
ca Frame Relay
es Frame Relay

general packet radio service n A service that allows the transmission of data packets over GSM networks. Packets can be sent over different channels, and "gaps" in the communication can be effectively managed.
sigla GPRS
ca general packet radio service
es general packet radio service

GPRS n see general packet radio service.

hard disk n Disk that stores information using magnetic technology, for later retrieval using read/write heads. Its capacity is measured in gigabytes (Gb). 1 Gb is 1.024 Mb.
ca disc dur
es disco duro

high speed serial interface n Interface for serial connections with transmission speeds of up to 52 MBps. Often used for T3 lines.
sigla HSSI
ca interfície en sèrie d'alta velocitat
en high-speed serial interface

HSSI n see high speed serial interface.

HTML n see hypertext markup language.

hypertext markup languagen Language used for the creation of hypertext and hypermedia documents. It is based on markups that define the position, format, and functioning of the images, text and links on the page. It is the standard used on the world wide web.
sigla HTML
ca llenguatge d'etiquetatge d'hipertext
es lenguaje de marcación de hipertexto

interface n A device designed to facilitate the connection of equipment with different functions and characteristics.
ca interfície
es interfaz

interface n Software that allows communication between two or more applications.
ca interfície
es interfaz

Internet protocol n Protocol that marks each data packet sent with the correct address. Each computer connected to the Internet has a unique address which sets it apart from every other computer in the world.
sigla IP
ca protocol d'Internet
es protocolo de Internet

IP n see Internet protocol.

ISDN adapter n Adapter for connection to an ISDN network.
ca adaptador XDSI; targeta XDSI
es adaptador RDSI; tarjeta RDSI

Java n Language for the development of applications for export to the Internet that can run on any platform.
ca Java
es Java

local disk n Disk located within the user's central processing unit.
ca disc local
en disco local

login n The act of accessing a restricted area.
ca login
es login

megabit per second n Number of millions of bits that are sent over a telecommunications line every second. It is the unit of measurement for the speed of transmission of a telecommunications line. Related terms: bit, bit per second, byte.
ca megabit per segon
es megabit por segundo

modem n A device that transmits and receives data over an analogue phone line. It includes a modulator which converts digital data into a signal that can be transmitted over an analogue line, and a demodulator that retrieves data expressed as an analogue signal, converting it back into digital data that the receiving computer can understand. Acronym of modulator and demodulator.
ca mòdem
es modem

network adapter n Device that adapts basic phone networks and integrated services digital networks (ISDN) to the standards of the existing network terminal.
ca terminació de xarxa
es terminación de red

object-oriented programming n Programming based on objects rather than actions, in which the data appears before the logic.
ca programació orientada a objectes
en programación orientada a objetos

octet n see byte.

PL-SQL n Programming language for the management of Oracle databases that is designed to combine database language and procedural programming language.
ca PL-SQL
es PL-SQL

POP n see post office protocol.

post office protocol n Protocol designed to allow single-user systems to read electronic mail stored on a server.
sigla POP
ca protocol d'oficina de correus
es protocolo de oficina de correos

print server n Network server that locates, manages and submits print jobs (or sends them to a queue) for network clients and users.
ca servidor d'impressió
es servidor de impresión

protocol n Set of rules that must be followed and messages that must be exchanged in order to establish communication within a computer system. A protocol determines how data is passed between two computers, and the format and transmission of the data within a network.
ca protocol
es protocolo

SCORM n see sharable content referent model.

script n Code written in a specific programming language which has a series of instructions and usually runs within other applications that are already running.
ca script
es script

server n A functional unit providing services and resources to other units. In Local Area Networks, it is the computer managing and controlling access to the network and to all its resources, such as disk units, or printers, or to the resources on other computers which work as work stations and are connected to the network. In the Internet, it is the program or computer replying to the orders sent from a client server or program.
ca servidor
es servidor

servlet n Type of Java application that extends the capability of an Internet server. Servlets do not require the client to run Java, since the html pages are generated dynamically by the server.
ca servlet
es servlet

sharable content referent model n E-learning standard which defines the model for aggregate content and the environment for related technical specifications.
sigla SCORM
ca sharable content referent model
es sharable content referent model

static web page n Webpage with text and other types of files (images, multimedia, etc.) that contains all the necessary information and is shown when requested.
ca pàgina web estàtica
es página web estática

switch n A network device which can send packets of data directly to the port specified by a particular network address.
ca commutador
es conmutador

transactional application n Computer application for transactional work.
ca aplicació transaccional
es aplicación transaccional

UML n see unified modeling language.

unified modeling language n Language for the specification, visualization, construction and documentation of the artifacts of a system-intensive process. Especially effective for C++ and Java.
sigla UML
ca llenguatge de modelament unificat
es lenguaje de modelamiento unificado

universal resource locator n Character string that defines the location of hypertext documents or programs on the Internet. The address of a webpage.
sigla URL
ca localitzador universal de recursos
es localizador universal de recursos

URL n see universal resource locator.

voice channel n Channel used for audio transmission.
ca canal de veu
es canal de voz

WAP gateway n Device which provides access to WAP services. When the user requests access to a WAP page over a mobile phone, the operator transmits the request to a gateway which codes it, and passes it on to a WAP server. In order to begin the process, the user must provide the address of the WAP page in question.
ca passarel·la WAP
es pasarela WAP

web environment n Software package or operating system that serves to support work with other programs.
ca entorn web
es entorno web

web page n An Internet service that allows hypertext (which allows the user to use links to go from one page to another), and which presents text, static and full-motion image, sound, video, etc., and adheres to the HTML standard.
ca pàgina web
es página web

web server n Server which stores the pages of a website, and which sends the appropriate pages when receiving an http request from the browsers on client computers.
ca servidor web
es servidor web

XML n see extensible markup language.

XSL n see extended stylesheet language.

[Glossary made by the Technological Strategic Area and the Linguistic Service of the UOC]